![]() semi-annually or annually). Qualified personnel should verify if the original design considerations are consistent with current loading conditions, and ensure that the silo structures are capable of supporting the current loading conditions including the possible asymmetric flow of materials. To prevent silo failures, regardless of the age of the structure, the property owner and stakeholders should assess the condition of silo structures and monitor any changes on a scheduled basis (e.g. Other stakeholders include the insurance companies that provide coverage in the event of damage or failure, the banks or financial institutions that finance the construction or maintenance of projects related to the use of silos at industrial or storage facilities, the owners of neighbouring properties that could be affected by silo failures, and others. ![]() The design, construction, operation, maintenance, and repair of silos requires the involvement of many stakeholders. The obvious stakeholders include the owner, the design engineers, the construction and maintenance contractors, and the operational managers and personnel. Chart of possible consequences resulting from a silo failure In some cases, the litigation occurs after remediation of the structures to curtailed rising business interruption cost.įigure 2. An insurance claim may also need to cover significant expenses or losses related to the business interruption of an industrial plant or storage facility that may need to remain closed for a significant period after a catastrophic failure of a silo structure. In some cases, litigation may occur after a silo failure, causing a possible surge in the cost of remediation as well as significant delays. The repair or replacement of damaged mechanical equipment, electrical instrumentations and control systems, and other components may significantly increase the remediation cost. The cost of remediation after a catastrophic failure can be significant as it may include forensic investigations, temporary emergency response measures, shoring, demolition of the damaged structures, repair designs, and reconstruction.ĭuring remediation of a catastrophic silo collapse, the permanent repairs may require the reconstruction of a silo as well as the repair or reconstruction of adjacent damaged structures. Contributing factors may include poor design considerations, construction deficiencies, change of use, deterioration and lack of maintenance, and others (Figure 2). Silo structures tend to lack redundancy, and their failures can be catastrophic. Silo failures can cause loss of life and significant damage to adjacent structures and equipment when they occur at industrial plants or storage facilities (Figure 1). The limited existing design guidelines have contributed to oversimplified designs, as they fail to consider complex loading conditions, such as those caused by the asymmetric flow of stored materials. In some cases, more stringent loading conditions were introduced with changes to the stored material properties or the implementation of different discharge mechanisms. ![]() Other failures have been attributed to changes in the use of silo structures without proper consideration of the implications. Many silo failures have occurred as a result of unrealistic loading conditions assumed during the design phase.
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